Acupuncture, the therapy of needle puncture, began in ancient China, way before written text even existed. It's been related to spiritual and religious routines, as is customary with medical treatment through the course of the history of China.
The science of acupuncture has a close association with Taoism, as the early pioneers of body-spirit-mind consciousness happen to be searchers of the ultimate knowledge. They fully understood yin and yang, and came up with the style of Five Transformations, that jointly make up the intellectual basis of Chinese medicine. The original written text, Yellow Emperor's Classic Of Inner Medicine, written in somewhere around 200 BC, continues to be the root textbook of all of them. There are numerous translations in many languages. Strangely, it's still significant today. The words are in the style of a particular dialogue involving the emperor and his physician.
The initial question creates a tone: "Why in ancient times did people live productive lives, though in the present day people survive only half so many years and die in despair and misery?" And the answer: "Throughout the olden days women and men comprehended ways to exist as outlined by great mother nature, recognizing their restrictions in order to prevent extravagances and abuses." The work then explains how we may exist in partner with nature and maintain our general health and then die a natural death.
Through generations Chinese medicine has grown. Innovative thoughts have been added and new paradigms discussed. Herbology became popular and was a parallel path with regard to therapy. In a similar fashion, traditional Chinese medicine was carried thorough the East, most notably Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Each of these countries evolved certain aspects of the concepts and methods, which in turn distinguish them from current Chinese techniques. Whereas there existed nationwide colleges and government examinations in the past 1,000 years in China, there are numerous privately owned schools and family techniques inherited from one generation to the next. It was in the 20th century that traditional Chinese medicine met the greatest challenges.
During the Communist vs. Nationalist civil war from the 1920s to 1940s, Western medical science was accepted by both parties. Eastern medicine was not against the law, to some extent because many non-public training centers realized that it was smart to cooperate to prevent elimination. In 1949 the Communist party gained control of China. Initially Mao, the president, forbade the practice of acupuncture. By 1954 he was convinced that traditional Western medicine couldn't successfully reach all the millions, so consequently he demanded the development of four schools of Eastern medicine. These were required to cut out any and all spiritual material from their subject matter. These learning centers went on to become the academic backbone of contemporary Eastern medicine.
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